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Shanghai University of Finance & Economics Law School
International Environmental Law 2014-15
IntroductionClass Leader: Professor Mark POUSTIE, Vice-Dean (Internationalisation), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Strathclyde and Oriental Scholar, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics; e-mail: HYPERLINK "mailto:mark.poustie@strath.ac.uk" mark.poustie@strath.ac.uk.
Class Assistant: Mrs Wanying (Yolanda) HUANG, PhD Researcher, University of Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law & Governance; email: HYPERLINK "mailto:" HYPERLINK "mailto:wanying.huang@strath.ac.uk" wanying.huang@strath.ac.uk
2 Description of the classClimate change, loss of biodiversity, desertification and deforestation are some of the major environmental challenges currently facing the world. None of these challenges can be solved by one country alone: a multilateral approach is needed. While some problems such as ozone depletion are being tackled effectively by the international community, many other problems are worsening. These challenges must also be addressed within the context of globalization and economic development. In 2012 States at the Rio +20 summit conference renewed their commitment to sustainable development as the overarching conceptual framework within which to address global environmental challenges.Within this context, students in this class will develop an understanding of, the system of international environmental law which has developed particularly since the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment in 1972. The class falls into 3 parts. The first part provides a foundation for understanding the system of international environmental law by considering its development, sources, the international institutions which have responsibilities for promoting, developing and administering the regime, and its implementation and enforcement. The second part of the class the aims then examines three key areas of substantive international environmental law including climate change and biological diversity. Finally, the third part of the class considers the relationship between international environmental law and two other key areas of international law, namely international trade law and human rights protection.
The class will be taught in English. Who is this class for? This class is particularly useful for lawyers and law and other related graduates who are considering working in the area of international trade, business or regulatory affairs, or private commercial law but who wish to understand the legal and policy framework of international environmental law, as well as lawyers and graduates from other disciplines interested in working with international institutions, or in the international development, international NGO or international public policy spheres.
Some background of study of national environmental law and/or public international law would be helpful but is not essential.
3. Learning Outcomes including key skills to be developed
Students should be able to:-
i. demonstrate in-depth knowledge of a range of major concepts, principles and rules relating to international environmental law and the institutions which develop, supervise and enforce the law.
ii. bring together and integrate information and materials from a variety of sources (legal and non-legal) including electronic retrieval systems.
iii. rank items and issues in terms of relevance and importance;
iv. produce an accurate synthesis of relevant doctrinal and policy issues in relation to a topic and to make a critical judgment of the merits of particular arguments.
v. demonstrate an ability to act independently in planning and undertaking research and reflect meaningfully on his or her own learning, including seeking and making use of feedback.
vi. demonstrate an advanced level of skill in constructive criticism and legal analysis by presenting a sustained argument in a well-structured piece of work.
vii. produce electronically submitted coursework in appropriate form and style4. Dates, Times and Syllabus of Class
2 Mar 08.55-11.45 Overall introduction to the class.
3 Mar 13.20-16.10 Development of international environmental law; sources of international
environmental law; international institutions with responsibility for the environment
4 Mar 13.20-16.10 Aims and principles of international environmental law (1): sustainable
development and the precautionary principle
5 Mar 8.55-11.45 Aims and principles of international environmental law (2): common but
differentiated responsibility; and the obligation not to cause transboundary harm
9 Mar 08.55-11.45 Implementation of international environmental law: mechanisms and forms
of national regulation
10 Mar 13.20-16.10 Enforcement of environmental law at international level (soft compliance,
compliance mechanisms, dispute resolution in international courts and tribunals)
11 Mar 13.20-16.10 Substantive International Environmental Law (1): The Climate change
regime
12 Mar 08.55-11.45 Substantive International Environmental Law (2): Legal regulation of the
transfrontier shipment of hazardous waste (this seminar will be led by Mrs HUANG)
16 Mar & 08.45-11.45 EITHER Substantive International Environmental Law (3):
18 Mar 13.20-16.10 Biological diversity: Convention on Biological Diversity; Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species, Bonn Convention on Migratory
Birds
AND/OR The relationship between international environmental law and
international trade law
AND/OR The relationship between international environmental law and human rights law
18 Mar 13.20-16.10 Conclusion: trends in international environmental law; discussion of
assessment.
5. Teaching and Learning Strategy
Students will be expected to participate in all seminars. 6. Assessment
Assessment will consist of one component - one piece of coursework of 2000 words in length. The coursework topic will be selected by the student from a range of topics provided by the class co-ordinator and related to the course syllabus. The submission deadline will be on a date to be agreed in May 2015. 7. Reading
Key Reading
Sands & Peel The Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012)Further Recommended Reading
Beyerlin & Marauhn International Environmental Law (2011)
Birnie, Boyle & Redgwell International Law and the Environment (3rd ed, 2009)
Bodansky, Brunn閑 & Hey The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law (2007)HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1797846"
Brownlie I Principles of public international law (Clarendon Press: Oxford: 2008), 7th edn (for students with no background in public international law)
Poustie, M Environment in Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia of the Laws of Scotland (Butterworths, Lexis-Nexis, 2007)(available via Lexis-Nexis)
Key journals such as the HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1576075"American Journal of International Law (AJIL), Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy (COJIELP), Columbia Journal of Environmental Law (CJEL), Georgetown International Environmental Law Review (GEOIELR), Harvard Environmental Law Review (HarvELR), Review of European Community and International Environmental Law (RECIEL), International and Comparative Law Quarterly (ICLQ) and the Journal of Environmental Law (JEL) are available electronically usually via Westlaw or Heinonline.
In the reading lists for each seminar, the following key is used:
** Everyone should try to read this
* Strongly recommended particularly for those considering an assignment on the topic concerned
Unstarred reading is additional recommended for preparing for your written assignment (where relevant) and the examination.
Scanned copies of reading materials will be made available to students via the SHUFE virtual learning environment where possible. Seminar One: Introduction to the Course (2 March)
In this seminar all members of the class will introduce themselves, discuss their expectations of the course, and the course coordinator will explain the syllabus, reading and assessment and clarify how the course will be taught. The seminar is also designed to help students adjust to the course co-ordinator抯 accent and to increase their confidence in communicating in English if that is not their first language.
Seminar Two: Development of International Environmental Law; Sources of International Environmental Law; International Institutions with environmental responsibilities (3 March) In this seminar we consider the development of international environmental; various sources of international environmental law, particularly customary international law, treaties and soft law and the merits of the various sources. We also consider the development of international environmental law, international law making processes and the range of institutions involved in promoting, making and administering international environmental law.Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rded 2012), chs 1-4 (pp 94-120 only);*Freestone, D "The Road from Rio: International Environmental Law after the Earth Summit" HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417698" [1994] 6 JEL 193
*Goeteyn, N & Maes, M 揟he quest for a World Environment Organization: reflections on a failing debate as an input for future improvement in Martin, Li, Qin et al, Environmental Governance and Sustainability (Edward Elgar/IUCN, 2012)
Palmer, G 揘ew Ways to Make International Environmental Law 86 AJIL (1992) 259
**Poustie Environment, paras 7-24
*Roch & Perrez 揑nternational Environmental Governance: The Strive towards a Comprehensive, Coherent, Effective and Efficient International Environmental Regime爺 16 (2005) COJIELP 1 Seminar Three: Aims and principles of international environmental law (1) (4 March)In this seminar we consider the concept of sustainable development and the precautionary principle both of which are key underpinning features of international environmental law. We examine the evolution of sustainable development and the precautionary principle, the content of each, the legal status of each and the extent to which each is having an influence on the development of international environmental law.Reading
Sustainable development
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed 2012), ch 6, pp 187-190 and 206-217*Barral, V 揝ustainable Development in International Law: Nature and Operation of an Evolutive Legal Norm (2012) EJIL 23(2) 377
**Poustie Environment, para 72
*Yang, T 揟he UN RIO + 20 Conference on Sustainable Development: What Happened? (2012) 16 ASIL Insights 28
Minors Oposa v Secretary of the Department of Environment & Natural Resources HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408116"33 International Legal Materials (1994) 173
*Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dam Case HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1997) 7 (co-operation, sustainable development, environmental impact assessment, global environmental responsibility) HYPERLINK "http://www.icj-cij. o r g / i c j w w w / i d o c k e t / i h s / i h s f r a m e . h t m " a l s o a v a i l a b l e I C J w w w a n d a n d h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - -
c i j . o r g / d o c k e t / i n d e x . p h p ? p 1 = 3 & p 2 = 3 & k = 8 d & c a s e = 9 2 & c o d e = h s & p 3 = 5
P r e c a u t i o n a r y p r i n c i p l e
* * S a n d s & P e e l P r i n c i p l e s o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l L a w ( 3 r d e d , 2 0 1 2 ) , c h 6, pp 217-228
*Freestone, D "The Road from Rio: International Environmental Law after the Earth Summit" [ HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417698" 1994] 6 JEL 193 (pp 209-216)
Heyvaert, V 揊acing the Consequences of the Precautionary Principle in European Community Law (2006) ELRev 185
**Poustie, M Environment, paras 74-75*EC - Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Beef Hormones Case) Report of Appellate Body WT/DS26/AB/R (1997) (see HYPERLINK "http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/m4_e.htm" www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/m4_e.htm)
EC - Measures Affecting Asbestos and Products Containing Asbestos (see HYPERLINK "http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds135_e.htm" www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds135_e.htm)
EC Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products (EC Biotech Case) Panel Report DS291 29 September 2006 (see HYPERLINK "http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds291_e.htm" http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds291_e.htm)
EC- Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (2001) 40 ILM 497 (EC Asbestos)
*Pfizer Animal Health SA v EC Commission [1999] ECR II-1961; [1999] 3 CMLR 79 (Available on HYPERLINK "http://www.lib.gla.ac.uk/Resources/Databases/westlaw.shtml" Westlaw
R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, ex p. Duddridge [1996] Env LR 325 (CA)
Shehla Zia & Others v WAPDA, Supreme Court of Pakistan, 12 February 1994 Seminar Four: Aims and principles of international environmental law (2) (5 March)In this seminar we build on seminar 3 to consider further significant principles of international environmental law. In particular we consider the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, the principle not to cause transboundary environmental harm and whether that principle extends to the global environment beyond national jurisdiction. Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 6, 190-205; and 233-237**Poustie para 78
*Rajamani, L 揟he Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility and the Balance of Commitments under the Climate Regime (2000) RECIEL 9(2): 120-131
*Stone, C 揅ommon but Differentiated Responsibilities in International Law (2004) AJIL 98(2): 276-301
*Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1996) 226 (transboundary harm; environment & military activities) HYPERLINK "http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/icases/ianw/ianwjudgment_advisory opinion_19960708/ianw_judgment_toc.htm" also available ICJ www
*Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dam Case HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1997) 7 (co-operation, environmental impact assessment, global environmental responsibility) HYPERLINK "http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/ihs/ihsframe.htm" also available at ICJ www; and http://www.icj--
c i j . o r g / d o c k e t / i n d e x . p h p ? p 1 = 3 & p 2 = 3 & k = 8 d & c a s e = 9 2 & c o d e = h s & p 3 = 5
N u c l e a r T e s t C a s e s ( A u s t r a l i a v F r a n c e ) H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 " I C J R e p ( 1 9 7 3 ) 9 9 H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i c a s e s / i a f / i a f f r a m e . h t m " a lso available ICJ www / ICJ Rep (interim measures HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ) ; ICJ Rep (1974) 253 (jurisdiction); (New Zealand v France) HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1973) 135 (interim measures); HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1974) 457 (jurisdiction) (global environmental responsibility) HYPERLINK "http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/icases/inzf/inzfframe.htm" also available ICJ www
Request for an Examination of the Situation in Accordance with the Court抯 Judgment in the Nuclear Tests Case HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408277" ICJ Rep (1995) 288 HYPERLINK "http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/icases/inzfr/inzfrframe.htm" also available ICJ www
ICJ, Aerial Herbicide Spraying (Ecuador v. Colombia), Application Instituting Proceedings (2008), available at http://www.icj-- c i j . o r g / d o c k e t / f i l e s / 1 3 8 / 1 4 4 7 4 . p d f .
T r a i l S m e l t e r A r b i t r a t i o n H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 5 7 6 0 7 5 " 3 3 A J I L ( 1 9 3 9 ) 1 8 2 & H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 5 7 6 0 7 5 " 3 5 A J I L ( 1 9 4 1 ) 6 8 4 ( t r a n s b o u n d a r y h a r m ) f u l l t e x t a v a i l a b l e a t h t t p : / / u n t r e a t y . u n . o r g / c o d / r i a a / c a s e s / v o l _ i i i / 1 9 0 5 - - 1 9 8 2 . p d f
S e m i n a r F i v e : I m p l e m e n t i n g I n t e r n a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l L a w ( 9 M a r c h )
I n t h i s s e m i n a r w e c o n s i d e r s o m e o f t h e t e c h n i q u e s u s e d b y s t a t e s t o i m p l e m e n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l l a w obligations. We begin by consider the use of command and control (or direct) regulation and economic instruments and we continue by discussing some particular techniques including environmental impact assessment, access to and provision of environmental information, financial and technological transfer and civil liability measures. Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 4, pp 122-134; ch 5, pp 135-144; chs 14-17*Brunnee 揙f Sense and Sensibility: Reflections on International Liability Regimes as Tools for Environmental Protection, 53/4 (2004) ICLQ 351-368
*Lubbe-Wolff, G 揈fficient environmental legislation on different philosophies of pollution control in Europe (2001) JEL 13(1): 79-87
McIntyre, O 揟he Proceduralisation and Growing Maturity of International Water Law: Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v Uruguay) (2010) JEL 22(3): 475-497
*Morgera E 揂n Update on the Aarhus Convention and its Continued Global Relevance (2005) RECIEL 14(2),138-147.
**Poustie paras 79-89; 117-134
*Winter, G 揟he Climate is No Commodity: Taking Stock of the Emissions Trading System [2010] 22 JEL 1
Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25/10/2003 p. 32 (as amended by Directive 2004/101/EC (OJ L 338, 13/11/2004 p. 18 and by Directive 2009/29/EC OJ L140, 5/6/09, p 63))
Seminar Six: Enforcing international environmental law (10 March)
In this seminar we consider the methods of enforcing international environmental law obligations ranging from soft compliance mechanisms such as oversight by conferences of the parties of treaty regimes to non-compliance mechanisms and judicial fora such as the International Court of Justice. We consider the mertis of the various methods and the growing role of non-state actors. Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), *ch 5 *Cardesa-Salzmann, A 揅onstitutionalising Secondary Rules in Global Environmental Regimes: Non-Compliance Procedures and the Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (2012) JEL 24(1): 103-132
Jennings, R 揟he Role of the International Court of Justice in the Development of International Environmental Protection Law (1992) RECIEL 1(3): 24-44
McIntyre, O 揟he Proceduralisation and Growing Maturity of International Water Law: Case Concerning Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v Uruguay) (2010) JEL 22(3): 475-497
*Morgera E 揂n Update on the Aarhus Convention and its Continued Global Relevance (2005) RECIEL 14(2),138-147.
*Romano, C International Dispute Settlement in Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law (2007)
Information about the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee available at
HYPERLINK "http://www.unece.org/env/pp/cc.html" http://www.unece.org/env/pp/cc.html [skim through in order to identity relevant primary s o u r c e s ] .
C a s e l a w f r o m s e m i n a r 3 i s a l s o r e l e v a n t . S e e a l s o I C J , P u l p M i l l s o n t h e R i v e r U r u g u a y ( A r g e n t i n a v . U r u g u a y ) , S u m m a r y o f t h e J u d g m e n t o f 2 0 A p r i l 2 0 1 0 , a v a i l a b l e a t h t t p : / / w w w . i c j -
c i j . o r g / d o c k e t / i n d e x . p h p ? p 1 = 3 & p 2 = 3 & c a s e = 1 3 5 & c o d e = a u & p 3 = 5 a n d I C J , A e r i a l H e r b i c i d e S p r a y i n g ( E c u a d o r v . C o l o m b i a ) , A p p l i c a t i o n I n s t i t u t i n g P r o c e e d i n g s ( 2 0 0 8 ) , a v a i l a b l e a t
h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - - c i j . o r g / d o c k e t / f i l e s / 1 3 8 / 1 4 4 7 4 . p d f .
S e m i n a r S e v e n : S u b s t a n t i v e I n t e r n a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l L a w ( 1 ) : T h e C l i m a t e C h a n g e R e g ime (11 March)
In this seminar we consider (1) the mechanisms contained within the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) & its Kyoto Protocol (KP) to deal with climate change (2) the merits of these mechanisms (both good and bad) and how they compare, for example, to the international regime dealing with ozone depletion;.(3) the emissions trading system in particular (focusing on the system now in operation in the EU); and (4) the future development of the climate change regime. Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 7 (pp 238-245 & 262-299- read material on ozone depletion as well as climate change)*Maljean & Wemaere 揂fter Durban, what Legal Form for the Future International Climate Regime (2012) Carbon and Climate Law Review 6(3) 187-196
Poustie paras 252-253
*Streck & Lin 揗aking Markets Work: A Review of Clean Development Mechanism Performance and the Need for Reform (2008) European Jo of International Law 19(2): 409-442
UNFCCC Secretariat Caring for Climate: A Guide to the Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol ( HYPERLINK "http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/convention/kyoto_pro/" http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/convention/kyoto_pro/ )
UNFCCC Secretariat The first 10 years (An overview of actions taken during the past decade to combat climate change and mitigate its adverse effects) ( HYPERLINK "http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/convention/kyoto_pro/" http://www.sdnbd.org/sdi/convention/kyoto_pro/)
*Voight, C 揑s the Clean Development Mechanism Sustainable? Some Critical Aspects (2008) Sustainable Development Law & Policy 7(2) 15-21- available at HYPERLINK "http://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopment/documents/v8_2ClimateLawReporter.pdf2rd=1" www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopment/documents/v8_2ClimateLawReporter.pdf2rd=1
Werksman, J 揕egal Symmetry and Legal Differentiation under a future deal on climate (2010) Climate Policy 10(6): 672-677
Please also consult the text of the UN FCCC and the KP where necessary - both are available via the UNFCCC website: HYPERLINK "http://www.unfccc.int/" www.unfccc.int/. Seminar Eight: Substantive International Environmental Law (2): Regulation of the Trade in Hazardous Wastes (12 March)In this seminar we consider the development and scope of the international regime to regulate trade in hazardous wastes and their disposal. We focus on the Basel Convention and its provisions including its Protocol on Liability and Compensation as an example of a treaty civil liability regime. We also consider the Bamako Convention and whether it provides a better regime for regulating the trade in hazardous waste than the Basel Convention regime.Reading
**Sands & Peel ch 12, pp 554-560; 567-575
*Donald 揟he Bamako Convention as a Solution to the Problem of Hazardous Waste Exports to Less Developed Countries 17 Col JEL 419 (1992)
Fernando Silva Soares & Viera Vargas 揟he Basel Liability Protocol on liability and compensation for damage resulting from transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (2001) YbIEL 69
Gudofsky 揟ransboundary Shipments of Hazardous Waste for Recycling and Recovery Operations 34 StanJIL 219 (1998)
*Hackett 揂n Assessment of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal 5 AUJILP 291 (1990)
Kitt 揥aste Exports to the Developing World: A Global Response 7 Geo IELR 485 (1995)
*Kummer 揟he International Regulation of Transboundary Traffic in Hazardous Wastes: The 1989 Basel Convention (1992) 41 ICLQ 530
*Poustie paras 542-544
Seminar Nine: Substantive International Environmental Law (3): EITHER Biological diversity (16 March or 18 March)
This seminar considers a selection of key instruments which seek to protect biodiversity. We consider not only the provisions of the HYPERLINK "http://www.biodiv.org/convention/articles.asp" Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) but also some of the legal instruments dealing with the protection of migratory species (the HYPERLINK "http://www.cms.int/documents/convtxt/cms_convtxt.htm" 1979 Bonn Convention) and trade in endangered species (the HYPERLINK "http://www.cites.org/eng/disc/text.shtml" Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)(1973)).Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 10 (pp 449-479 and 502-504)Bragdon, S 揟he Evolution and Future of the Law of Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Convention on Biological Diversity 8 GEOIELR (1996) 423
*Caddel, R 揑nternational Law and the Protection of Migratory Wildlife: an Appraisal of Twenty-Five Years of Bonn Convention 16 COJIELP 113
*Koesten, V 揟he five global biodiversity-related conventions: a stock-taking HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2204853"[2002] 11 RECIEL 96
*Morgera, E & Tsioumani, E 揧esterday, Today and Tomorrow: Looking Afresh at the Convention on Biological Diversity (2011) 21 YbIEL 3
Poustie paras 829-832
*Sands, P 揥hither CITES? The Evolution of a treaty regime in the borderland of trade and the environment HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417706"[1997] 8 EJIL 29
*Wold, C 揟he Futility, Utility and Future of the Biodiversity Convention 9 COJIELP (1998) 1
Relevant websites:
CITES: HYPERLINK "http://www.cities.org" http://www.cities.org
CBD: HYPERLINK "http://www.biodv.org" http://www.biodv.org Seminar Ten: AND/OR International environmental law and international trade law (16 or 18 March)In this seminar we consider whether international trade and environmental protection provisions can be reconciled under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and other WTO agreements as administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This involves consideration of the principal provisions of the GATT, the exceptions which might be relied on to justify interference with trade on environmental grounds and the case law and commentary on these.Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 19*Charnowitz, S 揟he WTO抯 Environmental Progress (2007) Jo of International Economic Law 10(3) 685-706
*Howse, R "The Appellate Body Rulings in the Shrimp/Turtle Case: A New Legal Baseline for the Trade and Environment Debate" (2002) 27 Col Jo Env L 491
Sindico, F 揢nravelling the Trade and Environment Debate Through Sustainable Development Law Principles ESIL Inaugural Conference Agora Paper (2005) available at HYPERLINK "http://www.esil-sedi.eu/english/pdf/Sindico.PDF" www.esil-sedi.eu/english/pdf/Sindico.PDF
*UNEP, IISD Trade and Environment Handbook, 2000 (available at HYPERLINK "http://iisd.ca" http://iisd.ca)
*US - Restrictions on imports of Tuna (Tuna/Dolphin I) dispute HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408116" (1991) 30 ILM 1598 & Tuna-Dolphin II HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408116" 33 ILM (1994) 839 / / HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2200634" Also available on HeinOnline (discussed extensively in Alder & Wilkinson above)
*US - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products (Shrimp/Turtle) dispute HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408116" (1999) 38 ILM 121 / / HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2200634" Also available on HeinOnline (discussed fully in Howse article above)
EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Beef Hormones Case) Report of Appellate Body WT/DS26/AB/R (1997) HYPERLINK "http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/m4_e.htm" www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/m4_e.htm)
EC Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products (EC Biotech Case) Panel Report DS291 29 September 2006 (see HYPERLINK "http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds291_e.htm" http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds291_e.htm) EC- Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (2001) 40 ILM 497 (EC Asbestos) Seminar Eleven: AND/OR International environmental law and human rights law (16 or 18 March)
In this seminar we consider the extent to which international, regional and national environmental human rights provisions have been developed and the extent to which existing human rights have been 揼reened. We consider the kinds of legal hurdles which a litigant might require to overcome to establish a violation of a human right with an environmental dimension, and the limits to the use of human rights provisions in the context of environmental protection. We also briefly consider the value and development of procedural rights in international environmental law.Reading
**Sands & Peel Principles of International Environmental Law (3rd ed, 2012), ch 18 (pp 775-789)
*Dam & Tewary 揚olluting Environment, Polluting Constitution: Is a 慞olluted Constitution worse than a Polluted Environment? [2005] 17 JEL 383 (article on the Indian Supreme Court抯 activism in environmental rights cases)
DeMerieux 揇eriving Environmental Rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417540"2001) 21 Ox Jo LS 521
*Francioni 揑nternational human rights in an environmental horizon [2010] E.J.I.L. 41-55
*Morgera E 揂n Update on the Aarhus Convention and its Continued Global Relevance (2005) RECIEL 14(2),138-147.
**Poustie paras 48-55; 138-140 and154-156
Rajamani, L 揟he Increasing Currency and Relevance of Rights-Based Perspectives in the International Negotiations on Climate Change [2010] 22 JEL 391
Shanmuganathan & Warren 揝tatus of Sustainable Development as a Principle of International and National Law: The Indian Approach HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417698"[1997] 9 JEL 387 (text of and commentary on decision of Indian Supreme Court in Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v Union of India & Others)
*Steele, J 揚articipation and deliberation in environmental law: exploring a problem-solving approach Ox. Jo. Legal Studies 2001, 21(3), 415-442
UN/ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 1998 (搕he Aarhus Convention) text available at HYPERLINK http://www.unece.org/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf http://www.unece.org/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf.
Fadeyeva v Russia (2007) 45 EHRR 10
Guerra v Italy ( HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408406" 1998) 26 EHRR 357; HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1417698" [1999] 11 JEL 157 (includes commentary)
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6丅*]乤J mH ph333 sH !h$
6丅*]乤J mH ph333 sH h嶦a 6丅*]乤J ph333 j' h嶦a h嶦a UaJ Uh嶦a h嶦a 56乤J ho' h嶦a 6乤J
h aJ j& h嶦a h嶦a UaJ j h嶦a h嶦a UaJ h嶦a h嶦a aJ h aJ mH sH !j h嶦a h嶦a UaJ mH sH h嶦a h嶦a 0J aJ HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408406" (2003) 37 EHRR 28
*Lake Lubicon Band v. Canada, UN HR Comm, Communication No. 167/1984 (26 March 1990)
*Lopez Ostra v Spain HYPERLINK "http://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b1408406" (1995) 20 EHRR 277
*Mayagna (Sumo) Indigenous Community of Awas Tingni v Nicaragua (31/08/01), Inter-Am Ct HR (Ser C) No 79
Mossville Environmental Action Now v US Inter-Am Comm on HR, Report 43/10, Petition 242/05, Admissibility (17/03/10)
*Oneryildiz v Turkey (2004) 39 EHRR 12
*Social & Economic Rights Action Centre v Nigeria, Oct 2001 HYPERLINK "http://www.achpr.org/english/Decision_Communication/Nigeria/Comm.155-96.pdf" www.achpr.org/english/Decision_Communication/Nigeria/Comm.155-96.pdf
*Taskin v Turkey (2006) 42 EHRR 50
*Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v Union of India AIR 1996 SC 2715, (Supreme Court) Seminar Twelve: Conclusions and Assessment (18 March)
In this seminar we try to identify trends in international environmental law as well as reflecting on its strengths and weaknesses and how weaknesses could effectively be addressed. We will also spend some time discussing the assessment. You will also be given the opportunity to evaluate the course.
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 16
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V u L h t t p : / / w w w . a c h p r . o r g / e n g l i s h / D e c i s i o n _ C o m m u n i c a t i o n / N i g e r i a / C o m m . 1 5 5 - 9 6 . p d f I F - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 4 0 6 I F - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 4 0 6 O K - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 6 9 8 I F - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 4 0 6 1 h t t p : / / w w w . u n e c e . o r g / e n v / p p / d o c u m e n t s / c e p 4 3 e . p d f O K - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 6 9 8 B @ - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 5 4 0 q ` @ h t t p : / / w w w . w t o . o r g / e n g l i s h / t r a t o p _ e / d i s p u _ e / c a s e s _ e / d s 2 9 1 _ e . h t m v y A h t t p : / / w w w . w t o . o r g / e n g l i s h / t r a t o p _ e / d i s p u _ e / r e p e r t o r y _ e / m 4 _ e . h t m D E - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 2 2 0 0 6 3 4 H C - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 1 1 6 D E - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 2 2 0 0 6 3 4 H C - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 1 1 6 H C ~ - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 1 1 6 g ~ { h t t p : / / i i s d . c a / } } x 0 h t t p : / / w w w . e s i l - s e d i . e u / e n g l i s h / p d f / S i n d i c o . P D F X u h t t p : / / w w w . b i o d v . o r g / + * r h t t p : / / w w w . c i t i e s . o r g / F D o - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 7 0 6 F L l - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 2 2 0 4 8 5 3 C i ) h t t p : / / w w w . c i t e s . o r g / e n g / d i s c / t e x t . s h t m l 1 D f 5 h t t p : / / w w w . c m s . i n t / d o c u m e n t s / c o n v t x t / c m s _ c o n v t x t . h t m c . h t t p : / / w w w . b i o d i v . o r g / c o n v e n t i o n / a r t i c l e s . a s p # 4 ` h t t p : / / w w w . u n f c c c . i n t / I w ] a h t t p : / / w w w . w c l . a m e r i c a n . e d u / o r g / s u s t a i n a b l e d e v e l o p m e n t / d o c u m e n t s / v 8 _ 2 C l i m a t e L a w R e p o r t e r . p d f 2 r d = 1 j Z / h t t p : / / w w w . s d n b d . o r g / s d i / c o n v e n t i o n / k y o t o _ p r o / j W / h t t p : / / w w w . s d n b d . o r g / s d i / c o n v e n t i o n / k y o t o _ p r o / & | T $ h t t p : / / w w w . u n e c e . o r g / e n v / p p / c c . h t m l A F Q - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 5 7 6 0 7 5 A F N - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 5 7 6 0 7 5 T K : h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i c a s e s / i n z f r / i n z f r f r a m e . h t m N A H - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 4 ` E 8 h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i c a s e s / i n z f / i n z f f r a m e . h t m N A B - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 N A ? - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 N A < - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 T 9 6 h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i c a s e s / i a f / i a f f r a m e . h t m N A 6 - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 ; w 3 7 h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i d o c k e t / i h s / i h s f r a m e . h t m N A 0 - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 * } - g h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i c a s e s / i a n w / i a n w j u d g m e n t _ a d v i s o r y o p i n i o n _ 1 9 9 6 0 7 0 8 / i a n w _ j u d g m e n t _ t o c . h t m N A * - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 . e ' ; h t t p : / / w w w . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / R e s o u r c e s / D a t a b a s e s / w e s t l a w . s h t m l q ` $ @ h t t p : / / w w w . w t o . o r g / e n g l i s h / t r a t o p _ e / d i s p u _ e / c a s e s _ e / d s 2 9 1 _ e . h t m v j ! @ h t t p : / / w w w . w t o . o r g / e n g l i s h / t r a t o p _ e / d i s p u _ e / c a s e s _ e / d s 1 3 5 _ e . h t m v y A h t t p : / / w w w . w t o . o r g / e n g l i s h / t r a t o p _ e / d i s p u _ e / r e p e r t o r y _ e / m 4 _ e . h t m O K - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 6 9 8 ; w 7 h t t p : / / w w w . i c j - c i j . o r g / i c j w w w / i d o c k e t / i h s / i h s f r a m e . h t m N A - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 2 7 7 H C - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 0 8 1 1 6 O K - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 4 1 7 6 9 8 A F - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 5 7 6 0 7 5 A C - h t t p : / / e l e a n o r . l i b . g l a . a c . u k / r e c o r d = b 1 7 9 7 8 4 6 { V " m a i l t o : w a n y i n g . h u a n g @ s t r a t h . a c . u k p b m a i l t o : ? ! m a i l t o : m a r k . p o u s t i e @ s t r a t h . a c . u k
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